::Meso-electro-mechanical systems and devices ::Meso-electro-mechanical systems and devices 
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At our researches it was shown that miniaturization and computer modeling of the physical, chemical, biological and/or mechanical properties of three dimensional /3D/ parts and tools, designed using 3D CAD, are the main direction of Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing in the 21st century.
At present, SLS technology enables the creation of three-dimensional objects on a geometric layer by layer basis, and in the future it will permit gradient functional properties on a meso-scale level (here, we will consider the "meso- structures or meso parts" the objects from some mk up to some cm). With use of CAD/CAE programs intrinsically integrated into the SLS process, it's possible to create functionally gradient structures not only at the micro- or nanotechnology level but also at the atomic level, or as separate structural units such as particles, grains and domains! There is a corresponding design philosophy at the meso level, as well. Modeling the packing density, degree of structural connectivity of the powder, its concentration as well as the mixture of materials, provides the capability of fabricating intelligent micro devices and Micro- /Nano-/ Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS-NEMS). The applications include sensors, filters, piezo-detectors, piezo-pumps, implants etc. Such MEMS devices are not the simple sum of the micro or meso structural components of which they are composed. Each separate element of the device - particle, grain, domain - is connected and interacts, both with each other and with the environment. It is possible to speak about a completely open system, divided on hierarchical levels. The behavior of the separate components of the mesostructure and their interrelationships can be described by means of the finite element methods which exist today in widely known software products such as ANSYS, NASTRAN, ABAQUS, STAR, FemLab etc.
One of the most important directions of modern material science is connected with problems of nano structure synthesis with given characteristics and creation of functional nano tools and devices (NEMS). Interest to nano particles, nano structures and 3D nano parts is explained to specific properties of such objects as, for instance, specific optical or magnetic characteristics, high catalytic activity. Functional nano tools (NEMS) could be fabricated by different approaches.
It is possible to design the perspective nano structures as "Bottom-Up" as "Up-Bottom" approach. Nanomanufacturing requires an approach to fabrication fundamentally different from that of micromanufacturing. For microscale structures button up is well known by RP&M technologies for polymer parts, but most of silicon and metal microscale structures are typically formed by top-down techniques such as patterning, deposition, etching and laser synthesis. The practical formation of structures at nanoscale dimensions will probably involve an additional component, bottom-up assembly. Bottom-up technology applies to the creation of organic and inorganic structures, atom by atom, or molecule by molecule, may be laser ablated or sintered template.
"Road Map" for development of nanotechnologies at frame work of FP7 (picture was taken from the free disseminated presentations on MINAM Web-site). To achieve goals the targets of the European micro- and nanomanufacturing industry will :
